Published:
2013-01-01
Updated:
2016-02-24
Learning Ukulele with Curt
Chord a Day, January 11th - D7
Learn a new Ukulele chord every day of the year. The chord for January 11th is D7. This partial D7 is ofter referred to as the Hawaiian D7 chord after its use in the Chord sequence C D7 G7, a common turnaround in Hawaiian music. So much so that it's called the Hawaiian Turnaround.
Author(s): Curt Sheller Publisher: Curt Sheller Publications Code: ULCAD0111
Main Category: Chords Main Instrument: Ukulele
Subjects: Chords
2016-02-24
Learn a new Ukulele chord every day of the year. The chord for January 11th is D7. This partial D7 is ofter referred to as the Hawaiian D7 chord after its use in the Chord sequence C D7 G7, a common turnaround in Hawaiian music. So much so that it's called the Hawaiian Turnaround.
This D7 is actually as partial 4-part chord. Turns out, you actually don't need all the notes of the chord to be present to have the chord. The D is actually missing the D, the root. It's the C and F♯ that are the notes, the color tones of the chord, that make it a D7 more than the root D or fifth A.
The Seventh chords, often called a
dominant
seventh chord
is one of the most common chord types you will encounter in your musical journeys.
The Hawai'ian D7
This partial D7 is often referred to as the Hawaiian D7
chord after its use in the Chord sequence C D7 G7, a common turnaround in Hawaiian music. So much so that it's called the Hawaiian Turnaround
. In this case, it is functioning as a
V
of
V
, Secondary Dominant chord.
This was the chord for the year for 2020 .
Harmonic Function for: D7
The Harmonic Function of a chord is simply how a chord is being used in a harmonic context with other chords in a song or chord progression.
Here are the most common harmonic functions for today's chord.
D7 is a Full Diatonic , primary chord in the common Major key(s) of: G (V)
D7 is a Full Diatonic , chord in the common Minor key(s) of: Gm (V)
D7 is the Dominant chord in the keys of G, Gm. A chord truly functioning as a Dominant chord is a V chord and Full Diatonic .
Secondary Dominant
Secondary Dominants are a harmonic cornerstone of popular music and jazz in the 20th and 21st century.
D7 can also function as a Secondary Dominant chord in five (5) major keys: ( V of IV , V of V , V of VI , V of II , V of III ) and three (3) minor keys: ( V of IV , V of V , V of VI ). For more information checkout Secondary Chord and Curt's book: Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution
A Secondary Dominant (also applied dominant, artificial dominant, or borrowed dominant) is a major triad or dominant* seventh chord built and set to resolve to a scale degree other than the tonic, with the dominant of the dominant (written as V/V or V of V) being the most frequently encountered. The chord that the secondary dominant is the dominant of is said to be a temporarily tonic chord. The secondary dominant is normally, though not always, followed by the tonic chord. Tonicization that lasts longer than a phrase is generally regarded as a modulation to a new key (or new tonic).
*NOTE: Dominant IS a harmonic function not a chord type.
In a Blues chord progression a seventh chord can function as the I and the IV and/or V — a tonic, sub-dominant, or dominant role.
In a Blues progression a Seventh chord can also function as the Tonic I chord, a V of IV or a Sub-Dominant IV . Curt's book, A Guide to Blues Chord Progressions for Ukulele A to Z thoroughly explores the blues.
Harmonic Analysis, Scales, and Modes
All harmonic and scale analysis utilizes Roman Numerals related to the major of the current tonality (key) ( I II III IV V VI VII , the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 of the major scale).
Technically, the modes are numbered the same ( I II III IV V VI VII , the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 of the major scale) but for comparison they can be numbered relative to the major scale of the same root. Example: C Mixolydian mode ( I II III IV V bVII VII , the 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 ).
Let me know why D7 was the Ukulele Chord of the Year for 2020 and what is the chord for this year. — Curt
Open Position Chords
Today's chord, D7 is an Open Position chord.
Open Position Chords are any chord in the first four frets that include at least one open string.
Triads
Today's chord, D7 is a triad.
Triads
• A triad is a three-note chord, traditionally
major, minor,
diminished, or augmented. With contemporary triads including
sus and add chords.
A real key to learning these triads is really and finally Learning the Ukulele Fingerboard . Memorizing the root of each triad for transposing to other keys. And, then the Chord Spelling and its Numeric Chord Formula (A Guide to Advanced Chord Series — Chord Building Chart) .
Today's open position D7, a 4-part chord, would has one embedded major triad with the root on string three — however the root was lowered a whole step to get the flat seventh of the chord. THurns out we actually don't need all the notes of a chord to imply the chord.
Core 4-part
, a.k.a. Jazz
Chords
Today's chord, D7 is one of, or based on one of, the
Big Six Core Jazz
chords
for creating your 4-part, contemporary chord foundation and
Life Beyond the Third Fret.
Learn a New Chord Each Day!!!
This Learn a New Chord Each Day!!! series of lessons was created and published in 2013 (13 yrs ago) and has been added to an expanded ever since. 2020 brought videos to the show. 2023 introduced more Harmonic information
For a further exploration of this chord and its movable forms visit the
Movable Ukulele Chords Lesson Series
page.
D7 is a Core Chord
A core chord is a basic chord that other chords can be derived from – creating new chords from your known chords. Your ever expanding set of core chords creates a solid foundation for playing music on ukulele or any instrument capable of playing chords. There are just far too many chord shapes to memorize all the possibilities. Some chords you can simply create on the fly as needed based on known information and how chords work.
Chord Type(s): Major 4-part
Chord Categories: Open Position
Open Position chords typically do not show the location of the root or letter name of the chord, as these chords are the first chords a ukulele player learns. They are almost entirely learned by shape and sound–hopefully, the chord names. Later on, one develops the ability to determine the location of the chord root(s) or letter name within the chord.
Standard Music Notation and TAB
Standard music notation and TAB for C Tuning, Low and High G
variations
The same numbering notation used in TAB can be used to describe the open strings and frets to be played when using text-only notation or verbal communications. Using an open position C as an example, we can describe it as 0003, indicating open strings four, three, and two with fret (3) being fingered on string one. An open position, D7 , indicated as 2020
As you can see that are numerous ways to describe a chord, either verbally Put your finger here…
, in Standard Music Notation
, TAB
, and in text, graphically using a Chord Grid
, etc.
Chord Spelling
Chord Spelling is simply knowing what the notes, the chord tones of a chord are.
The notes of all chords can be determined from its corresponding major scale based on the root of the chord and numeric formula.
The notes for D7 are:
D F# A C
The chord tones are the 1 3 5 b7 scale degrees of the parent D Major Scale .
Recommended Fingering(s)
Although additional fingerings are possible for many chords, fingering for any given chord depends on the science of how our fingers work and on the harmonic context the chord is being used in—what was the previous chord, and what's the next chord? The goal is to play all the notes right behind the frets when possible. Remember, longer fingers can reach the lower strings better, and finger two can stack on finger three, and finger three can stack on finger four.
Although you can play any chord with any finger as long as it's yours, the recommended fingering for D7 is:
Recommended Fingering
2 0 3 0
Alternate Fingering(s)
Here are a few alternate fingerings for today’s D7 chord depending on the context the chord is being used.
Alternate fingering(s) for D7:
- - 3 0 4 0 This is another one of the chord's I've seen players use their thumb for: T 0 3 0. Again, not a recommended fingering.
Fingering Notation
Fingering notation for a chord using text only, without using a chord grid, is typically done using the finger numbers from left to right, string four to string one (nose to toes). Here is the text notation for January 1st C chord.
A Typical text representation of a chord fingering without using a chord grid.
Note: A Zero (0) fingering notation represents an open string that doesn't require using a finger.
Fingering Chords
Additional alternate fingerings might be possible for selected chords. If there isn't an overwhelming musical reason for one fingering over another, let efficiency be the determining factor. Something as simple as longer fingers that can reach the lower strings four and three will go a long way to being efficient when switching chords.
Factors such as playing notes right behind the fret take less effort than in the middle of the fret. Less effort leads to overall efficiency; lower maintenance for maintaining your technique and efficiency leads to speed. This can help in determining what finger to use. Finger three can overlap finger four, and finger two can overlap finger three a little, allowing them to get closer to the fret.
Remember, the thumb's primary role is to support the fingers–not play notes. Think of the thumb as a Stagehand. He is unseen, doesn't get any lines, but is a critical member of the team. There are musical situations where you might use your thumb but they are mainly rhythmic / strumming reasons.
Chord Construction, Notes and Intervals
All chords can be constructed based on their intervals relative to the major scale of the root or letter name of the chord. The individual names of the notes of the chord can also be determined from the same scale.
The chord tones for D7 are: D F# A C
D7 is the 1 3 5 b7 of the D Major Scale based on the root (D) of the chord.
7th (pronounced Seventh)
A partial seventh chord can be created by lowering the Root of a major triad two frets.
A seventh chord as a 4-part chord ( 1 3 5 b7 ) and one of the Big Six core chords used to derive other contemporary and jazz chords.
A Seventh chord along with your basic major and minor chords are the most common chord you will encounter.
NOTE: A Seventh chord is very often referred to as a Dominant Seventh . This is not always accurate as Dominant — is a chord function and not actually part of a chord name, which is a capital letter and chord type information – not it's harmonic function. We don't call a seventh functioning as a I (one) chord in a Blues a Tonic Seventh or the IV (four) chord a Sub-Dominant Seventh chord, etc...
Next Steps
After memorizing today's D7 chord and when you are able to switch in time with other chords, the next step is adding various Strums , Fingerpicking patterns, and exploring the Movable Chord versions of today's chord, to your ukulele skills.